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Bahá'í Faith in Morocco
The Bahá'í Faith in Morocco began about 1946. In 1953 the Bahá'ís initiated a Ten Year Crusade during which a number of Bahá'ís pioneered to various parts of Morocco—many of whom came from Egypt and a few from the United States including Helen Elsie Austin. By April 1955 the first Bahá'í Local Spiritual Assembly of Ceuta was elected. By January 1958 the first Bahá'í summer school was held in Rabat. By spring 1958 the Bahá'í population may have been 100 and there were six assemblies and a regional committee coordinated activities promulgating the religion.〔 In 1960 the first all-Moroccan local assembly was elected in Zaouiat Cheikh and most of its members were Berbers. On December 7, 1961 an article in Al Alam laments the decline of Islam and attacks the Bahá'ís.〔 During the year Bahá'í homes are entered by police and literature of the religion is taken. On April 12 four Bahá'ís are arrested in Nador.〔 A regional National Spiritual Assembly of North West Africa was organized which included Morocco in 1962. In 1963 a survey of the community counted 10 Assemblies, 12 organized groups (between 1 and 9 adults) of Bahá'ís.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 The Bahá'í Faith: 1844-1963: Information Statistical and Comparative, Including the Achievements of the Ten Year International Bahá'í Teaching & Consolidation Plan 1953-1963 )〕 In 1963 the arrests in Morocco had gotten attention from Hassan II of Morocco, US Senator Kenneth B. Keating and Roger Nash Baldwin, then Chairman of the International League for the Rights of Man〔 and would echo in analyses of politics of Morocco for years to come. All Bahá'í meetings were prohibited in 1983 followed by arrests.〔 This time the response emphasized the non-partisan and obedience to government principles of the religion. 1992 estimates by the US Department of State counted some 150-200 Bahá'ís. while 2001 through 2009 estimates mention the Bahá'í community at 350 to 400 persons.〔 However Association of Religion Data Archives and Wolfram Alpha estimated 33,000 Bahá'ís in 2005 and 2010, the third largest religion in the country.
== Early phase ==
There is a mention of contact with a Bahá'í in Morocco in 1946 but it's unclear with division (Spanish, French, International Zone.)〔〔 In August 1947 Marie Claudet, former member of the Baha'i Assembly of Guayaquil (Ecuador) was reported in May to be en route to French Morocco. In 1953 the Bahá'ís initiated a Ten Year Crusade during which a number of Bahá'ís pioneered to various parts of Morocco—many of whom came from Egypt and a few from the United States.〔〔 Starting in September for the Moroccan International Zone they first to arrive were: Manuchihi Hizari, and Hurmuz Zindih. Manouchehr Hezari earned the title of Knight of Bahá’u’lláh as the very first to settle in Tangier (then an international city). The family stayed many years after Tangier was annexed by the Kingdom of Morocco. Manouchehr worked as an engineer and later as a station manager for Voice of America radio. Then in October more arrivals came—Dr. Helen Elsie Austin〔(MESSAGES TO THE BAHA'I WORLD: 1950-1957, © (U.S., 1971) ) page 52〕 and Muhammad-'Ali Jalili came. In November Husayn & Nusraat Ardikani, 'Ali Akhbar & Shayistih Rafi'i, and 'Abbas Rafi'i arrived. For Spanish Morocco in October 1953 they were: Fawzi Zaynu'l-'Abidin & family, Luella McKay, John & Earleta Fleming, and Alyce Janssen.〔〔 Others arrived in April 1954—Richard & Evelyn Walters and Richard & Mary L. Suhm.〔 Helen Austin was teaching at the American School of Tangier from 1954 to 1957. She was a member of the regional National Assembly of North and West Africa (1953–58), and, in her lifetime, Local Spiritual Assemblies in five countries—including Morocco. Another American family pioneered to Morocco starting in 1956 up to 1960, one returning for a period in 1967-8. By February 1955 there is mention of conversions from the Moroccan population. By April 1955 the first Local Spiritual Assembly of Ceuta, an enclave of Spain in Morocco, was elected.〔 Sometime during 1956 a Roman Catholic priest lodges a complaint against the Bahá'ís of Morocco with the Moroccan Security Service.〔 By January 1958 the first Bahá'í Summer School was held in Rabat.〔 By spring 1958 the Bahá'í population may have been 100 and there were six assemblies and a regional committee is coordinating activities promulgating the religion.〔 In 1960 the first all-Moroccan local assembly was elected in Zaouiat Cheikh and most of its members were Berbers.〔 A regional National Spiritual Assembly for North East is organized in 1956.〔 In 1957 the first Tuareg joins the religion.〔 Louella McKay was another pioneer from about spring 1959 through the fall of 1963 in Spanish Morocco.
A regional National Spiritual Assembly of North West Africa was organized〔 in 1962-3 including the merging countries of French, Spanish Morocco and the Moroccan International Zone centered on Tangiers.〔 In 1963 a survey of the community counted 10 Assemblies, 12 organized groups of Bahá'ís and 8 isolated individuals. The assemblies were: Casablanca, Ceuta, Fez, Kenitra, Larache, Marrakesh, Meknès, Nador, Rabat, Sala, Tetuan and Zaouiat Cheikh.
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